Spraying apple trees in the spring against diseases and pests: when and how to treat

It will not be possible to get a decent harvest of apples even if all the rules of care (timely pruning, dressing, watering) are followed without preventive spraying of apple trees in spring. Therefore, it is necessary to take this spring event to protect your apple trees with all responsibility.

Next, we will find out when (in what time frame) and with what (with what drugs) apple trees should be sprayed in the spring against diseases and pests.

What is spring spraying for? What diseases and pests of the apple tree are treated against?

Let's consider what kind of fungal diseases and insect pests we will fight and protect apple trees during spring garden treatments.

Diseases

Spring treatment of apple trees is carried out against the following fungal diseases:

• monilial burn and moniliosis (fruit rot);

Note! The site already has materialon the causes and methods of combating moniliosis (fruit rot) of apple and other crops.

• scab;

By the way! There is also a detailed article onthe reasons for the appearance and methods of dealing with apple scab.

• powdery mildew;

• bacterial burn.

Pests

The most the first treatment of apple trees from pests is carried out against the following wintering stages of insect pests:

• copperheads;
• leaf rollers;
• scabbards;
• ticks;
• aphids and other sucking and leaf-eating pests.

Second and subsequent treatments of apple trees is already being carried out against such pests as:

• apple flower beetle or apple flower beetle;

• apple fruit sawfly;
• green apple aphid;

By the way! How to get rid of from aphids on apple trees and other fruit trees, readthis detailed article.

• apple moth;

• gray bud weevil;
• bukarka;
• goose;
• leafworm and other leaf-eating;
• kidney eaters;
• suckers;
• moth.

The main stages and terms of processing apple trees from diseases and pests: when to spray

It is very important not to be late and to carry out the first early spring processing of the apple tree in time.However, do not rush too much. If there is still snow outside the window or the weather is unstable: it often rains, sleet, fog, then spraying at this time will be simply ineffective.

Thus, when the weather is stable (+ 4..5 degrees during the day and at least 0 at night) and dry, the first treatment can be carried out.

Note! If you did not have time to do it back in the fall (and you should have), then late winter - early spring (February-early March) highly desirable to spend whitewashing apple tree trunks... This treatment will protect your fruit trees from sunlight (ultraviolet) rays and sudden temperature changes in the winter-spring period, which will prevent the appearance of cracks on them, into which various infections (fungal spores) and pests can no longer get.

By the way! About, how and how to whiten apple trees in spring, summer and autumn,read here.

It is quite obvious that different diseases and pests appear at different times. Accordingly, for each phase of the development of an apple tree, there should be its own specificity of its processing.

Naturally, it is very difficult to name specific dates, it is much easier to navigate by the phases of development (vegetation) of trees in spring.

So, there is a certain scheme for processing the garden in the spring, according to which spraying is carried out in the following stages of development (vegetation) of the apple tree:

• Before the buds wake up or open, that is, the buds are completely closed at this time = still sleeping.

This processing is also called "Early spring spraying", and more often by spraying "on a bare tree", because at this time, no signs of awakening (vegetation) have yet appeared on the apple tree.

By the way! Instead of processing on dormant buds, some gardeners spray on the buds that have already begun to wake up, so to speak, i.e. at the very beginning of their swelling.

• "Along the green cone." The buds have already swollen and burst, but the leaves have not yet appeared (unfolded).
• "By rosebuds". Also called the stage of "bud extension".

Interesting! Sometimes the treatment is carried out just before flowering, when the buds are about to open.

• "On the ovary with a pea." In other words, after flowering, when small ovaries are already formed.

• In the future (already in the summer), in the stage of growth and fruit formation, it is also imperative to carry out preventive treatments (if you do not want to use chemicals, then at least spray with biological preparations).

Video: scheme for spraying apple trees and other fruit trees in spring

Important! If it seems to you that it is unrealistic to carry out such a number of treatments, then this is not at all the case, even if you are in the country only on weekends (1-2 days a week). Each stage does not last one day, but about a week or more. In addition, you can track all stages on city trees.

Video: protecting the apple tree from diseases and pests

The first stage: before the awakening of the buds and early spring spraying "on bare trees"

For the first time, it is necessary to process apple trees in the spring against diseases and pests. before bud breakwhen they are still dormant.

By the way! The site already has a separate one on when and how to conductearly spring eradication garden spraying.

Second stage: spraying in the "green cone" stage

The second treatment of apple trees in the spring for diseases and pests should be carried out during the period of swelling and budding, in the so-called "green cone" stage.

This phase is characterized by the fact that the buds on the trees have already burst, but the leaves have not yet unfolded, although they are already clearly visible (hence the "green cone").

Note! Spraying in the "green cone" phase is considered the most important and most favorable period for the treatment of apple trees from diseases and pests.

Important!If for some reason you did not carry out the processing at the previous stage, then it is better hurry up, because the the duration of this phase ("green cone") is relatively short... Moreover, if the weather is good, sunny, the temperature is stably above +10 degrees, then the kidneys will open quite quickly.

At this stage, as a rule, are already using more serious means, for example, Horus (fungicide against diseases), Decis Profi, Biotlin, Kinmiks, Tanrek, Engio (all insecticides), some of which, by the way, can be mixed (to prepare a tank mixture - see a separate paragraph on tank mixtures). You can also use copper-based fungicidal preparations, for example, Abiga-peak, Hom, Polyhom.

Specificity! For example, Horus works great at low positive temperatures (about +4 .. + 5, but up to +15), a Speed ​​or Rayokon the contrary, it works better at higher temperatures (from +10 .. + 15)... Therefore, at the stages before the buds protrude and flowering (before the buds awaken, in the “green cone” phase), it is advisable to spray with Horus, and Skor or Rajok - already at the “green cone”, “pink bud” stages and after flowering (“ovaries with pea ").

Video: apple tree processing in spring "on a green cone"

However, if you skipped the previous processing, then at the “green cone” stage, you can spray the apple tree bordeaux liquid or simply copper sulfateor one of the solutions copper based (Abiga-peak, Hom, Oxycom).

At the same stage for additional protection of apple trees from insect pests You can put on boles trees special trapping belts, build and hang on branches glue traps, pheromone houses.

Interesting! Exactly in this phase begins its activity apple blossom beetle (weevil).

In the fight against it, you can also use and physical methods of struggle: quite simply shake beetles off the trees... Moreover, this should be done early in the morning, when it is still cold and the weevils are sleeping. Take a long stick and gently slap the apple tree, shaking off the beetles onto a film / oilcloth laid on the ground in advance.

Video: the second spring spraying of the garden

Third stage: spraying in the bud extension stage or in the “rose bud” phase

The third stage of processing apple trees in the spring from diseases and pests is carried out at the stage when the bud has already formed and advanced (it is pink), but has not yet opened.

Naturally, at this stage, no Bordeaux liquid, copper or iron vitriol is used. Spraying must be carried out with modern drugs, for example, Horus, or better Skor or Raek (against diseases), Decis Profi, Karate (against pests).

Temperature conditions during the rosebud stage tend to improve, weather it is warm and sunny (temperature + 10-15 degrees and above), which means you can start using biological drugs such as Fitoverm, Bitoxibacillin, Lepidocid and others (see separate paragraph on biological products).

The fourth stage: spraying after flowering "on the ovary with a pea"

Immediately after flowering, when small ovaries are already formed, it is necessary to carry out complex processing of apple trees as against diseases (especially against moniliosis)and against pests (against apple moth).

The means for processing are similar - fungicides and insecticides (+ Gerold, Aliot, Kinmiks, Senpai, Sharpay), including biological products (for example, Fitolavin, Bitoxibacillin, etc.).

Video: spraying an apple tree after flowering from an apple moth

How to properly spray apple trees in spring

Basic rules and recommendations for effective spring spraying of apple trees against diseases and pests:

• While preparing solutions and spraying treesobserve safety precautions... If the packaging of the product says that you need to wear special clothing (gown, overalls, raincoat), goggles and a respirator, rubber gloves, then you need to wear it.

Video: spraying safety

• Processing should only be carried out in dry and calm weather.

In sunny weather, it is better to refrain from spraying, since, quickly drying out, the drugs become ineffective or do not work at all. Spraying is best done in cloudy, calm weather, but not in the rain: after the rain, the branches are damp, like a thin "film" of water on them. And spraying is droplets of solution, which cover the plant with a thin "film" of drops in the same way. If processing is done, the concentration of the solution will decrease, and the processing efficiency will decrease.

• Spraying is desirable to carry out early morning (after dew has dried) or late at night (after sunset).
• Processing is always carried out exactly after spring pruning apple treeto further protect the cuts (ideally spray copper sulfate or bordeaux liquid, in other words, if the fungicide contains copper).

• Do not do it spray during flowering (can harm bees and other pollinators).

By the way! At each stage, you can use both the same drugs (in order to save money), and new ones (it is better to change the active ingredient so that there is no addiction - it will be more effective), or alternate (use alternately).

• All prepared solutions should be pass through a filter meshso as not to clog the sprayer.

• Suitable for dissolving almost all drugs room temperature water (for vitriol, it is advisable to use hot water, about + 40-50 degrees).

What if you are using a biological productthen water better to take settled or filtered, i.e. chlorine free.

• Controversial situation: at the stage of the "green cone", as well as the "rose bud", it is necessary to carry out treatment from both pests and diseases.In principle, you can prepare a tank mixture that will have insecticidal and fungicidal properties (be sure to check the compatibility of the preparations). But some agronomists believe that do not immediately give a double chemical load on the plant. It is better to take a break for at least 1 day (for example, treat it with a fungicide on Saturday morning, and an insecticide on Sunday morning). You can also spray at intervals of 1 week, i.e. on one weekend they were treated for pests, on the next - for diseases (or vice versa).

The specifics of processing adult (old) and young trees

Naturally, adult fruiting apple trees need to be fully processed in the spring, i.e. in 4 stages.

It's another matter, until the tree blooms and bears fruit, it is obvious that insects stick to it less. Therefore, it will be enough to process young seedlings only 3 times:

1. on sleeping buds from diseases and hibernating pests;
2. "Along the green cone" against insect pests;
3. after flowering, when pea-sized ovaries are formed, from diseases (especially against monilial burn).

How to process apple trees in the spring from pests and diseases: the best drugs

Before proceeding with the procedure, you need to decide (and first find out) how you can process the apple trees.

Now for spring spraying of the garden, there are many different means that will effectively help to cope with any pests and diseases. But in order to know exactly when and how to use them better, you should figure out what their features and differences are.

Note! At each stage, you can use both the same drugs (in order to save money), and new ones (and it is better to change the active ingredient so that there is no addiction - it will be more effective), or alternate (use alternately).

Important! The instructions for each drug always indicate when (in what time frame) they need to be processed.

So, for effective spring processing of apple trees, you will need:

• fungicides (drugs to fight diseases);
• insecticides (insect pest control agents);
• insectofungicides (complex preparations acting simultaneously against pests and diseases).

Moreover, these funds (fungicides and insecticides) can be:

• chemical origin (chemicals);
• biological (biological products).

Chemicals and biologicals

In contrast to biological products, chemical agents act much faster and more reliably. In addition, the use of chemicals is very often the only way to cure a crop of fungal diseases and get rid of annoying pests.

Chemical processing of apple trees in spring does not have any negative consequences for the future harvest and human health, since after the waiting period, pesticides are completely decomposed.

TOOf course, in this case, it is imperative to fully comply with the recommendations for dosage and timing of spraying.

Do not forget! If the dosage rates are ignored (when diluted in water), burns may appear on the shoots and young foliage of trees.

Whereas biological drugs and folk remedies are more gentle, which is permissible in the following cases:

• with a small number of pests;
• at the initial stage of development of a fungal disease or mild infection.

Fungicides (chemical)

As for the preparations suitable for spring spraying of apple trees against diseases, the following can be used fungicides (chemical agents for combating fungal plant diseases):

Important! For one treatment, you need to choose only one drug (fungicide), and then use a new one (preferably with another active substance) or alternate.

• Bordeaux mixture (3% solution of Bordeaux liquid - before bud break and 1% - in the "rose bud" stage);

By the way! The site already has a detailed article on the preparation and use of Bordeaux liquid.

• Copper sulfate;

Advice! More details on the fields of application of copper sulfate read in this material.

• Abiga peak (contact fungicide based copper oxychloride, against scab, moniliosis, powdery mildew and other diseases);

• Hom (contact fungicide based copper oxychloride);
• Oxyhom (contact-systemic fungicide actions based on copper oxychloride and oxadixyl, against scab, moniliosis, various spots, powdery mildew and other diseases);

By the way! Some believe (partly rightly) that treating plants with copper-containing preparations is harmful to human health. But copper is by no means the most harmful drug, especially in such doses and at such an early time when fruiting is still very far away.

In addition, it should be understood that it is in early spring that there are practically no other effective substitutes (except perhaps the use of ferrous sulfate). Biological preparations at this time are completely ineffective, because do not work at low temperatures.

• Inkstone;

Advice! About, when, how and why to use iron vitriol, detailed in this article.

• Carbamide (urea);

Usually, urea is used together with copper or iron sulfate, namely, the tank mixture is being prepared.

• Tiovit Jet (contact fungicide based sulfur, especially effective against powdery mildew and mites);
• Forecast (systemic fungicide based propiconazole, against scab, powdery mildew, leaf spots and other diseases);

• Tilt 250 (systemic fungicide basedpropiconazole, effective in combating leaf diseases such as powdery mildew, etc., as well as scab);

• Horus (systemic fungicide based cyprodinil, against scab, moniliosis, fruit rot, powdery mildew and other diseases);

• Speed ​​(systemic fungicide based difenoconazole, against scab, moniliosis = fruit rot, powdery mildew, spotting and other diseases);

• Raek (systemic fungicide based difenoconazole,against scab, moniliosis = fruit rot, powdery mildew, spotting and other diseases);

In fact, Skor = Raek (its analogue).

• Strobe (systemic fungicide based kresoxim-methyl, against scab, powdery mildew and other diseases);
• Fundazol (systemic fungicide based benomila, against scab, powdery mildew and other diseases);
• Bayleton (systemic fungicide based triadimephone, against scab, powdery mildew and other diseases);
• Topaz (systemic fungicide basedpenconazole, against powdery mildew and other diseases);
• And other contact and systemic fungicides of a wide spectrum of action.

Advice! Carefully study the instructions: the scope of the drug (against what diseases), timing, dosage!

Insecticides (chemical)

With regard to preparations suitable for spraying apple trees in spring against pests, the following insecticides (chemical pest control agents) can be used:

Important!For one treatment, you need to choose only one drug (insecticide), and then use a new one (preferably with another active ingredient) or alternate.

The active ingredients are indicated in brackets.

• Alatar (Malathion and Cypermethrin, enteric insecticide, from moth and leafworm);

• Spark (Permethrin and Cypermethrin, insecticide against aphids);

• Iskra-M (Malathion (Karbofos), enteric-contact insectoacaricide from moth, sucker, leafworm and aphids);

• Inta-vir (Cypermethrin,enteric insecticide from moth and leafworm);

• Herald (Diflubenzuron,enteric insecticide from moth, leafworm; ideal for use after flowering);

• Biotlin (Imidacloprid,systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action from aphids, apple blossom beetle; ideally spray in the "green cone" phase);

• Confidor (Imidacloprid, systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action, from aphids, apple flower beetle);
• Tanrek (Imidacloprid,systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action, from aphids, apple blossom beetle);

• Prophylactin (Vaseline oil and Malathion (Karbofos), enteric insecticide against wintering stages of pests - ticks, aphids, scale insects, leafworms, honeycorns, etc.; ideal for swelling buds in early spring).

• Preparation 30 plus (contact insect-acaricide from the wintering stages of pests - scale insects, false scale insects, ticks, aphids, coppers, moths, worms; spray during dormancy).

• Fufanon-Nova (Malathion (Karbofos), enteric-contact insectoacaricide from moth, sucker, leafworm and aphids);

• Aliot (Malathion (Karbofos), enteric-contact insectoacaricide from moth, sucker, leafworm and aphids);

• Decis Profi (Deltamethrin,enteric insecticide, from the codling moth, aphids);

• Karate Zeon (Lambda Cyhalothrin,enteric insecticide, codling moth, flower beetle, leafworm, ticks);

• Shar Pei (Cypermethrin, enteric insecticide from the codling moth, leafworm);

• Senpai (Esfenvalerat,enteric insecticide from the codling moth, leafworm);

• Kinmix (Beta-cypermethrin, enteric insecticide from moth, leafworm, flower beetle, aphid, apple sucker);

• Neofral (Alpha cypermethrin, enteric insecticide from moth, leafworm, aphids);

• Caesar (Alpha-cypermethrin, an enteric insecticide, from moth, leafworm, aphids);
• Lufox (Lufenuron and Fenoxycarb, insecticide of intestinal action from the codling moth);
• Calypso (Tiacloprid, systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action, from moth, flower beetle, leafworm, scale insect);
• Brand (Emamectin benzoate,insecticide of intestinal action from the codling moth);
• Engio (Thiamethoxam and lambda-cyhalothrin, insectoacaricide of systemic contact action);
• And other broad-spectrum insecticides.

Advice! Carefully study the instructions: the scope of the drug (against which pests), timing, dosage.

Video: how to spray trees in spring from insect pests

Biologicals (fungicides and insecticides)

Biological products are created on the basis of living organisms:

• mushroom antagonists;
• bacteria;
• bacterial viruses;
• beneficial insects (entomophages and acariphages).

Among biological products, fungicides, insecticides, and one insectofungicide can be distinguished.

Note! As a rule, almost all biological products start their work only under the condition of an appropriate air temperature (+ 10 ... + 15 degrees), so they begin to be used only at the “rosebud” stage, while the first and second treatments must be carried out using chemicals.

Biologicals fungicidal action (against diseases):

• Phytolavin (fungicide, from moniliosis = fruit rot and bacterial burn, scab);

• Fitosporin (contact fungicide, from scab, powdery mildew);

• Planriz (contact fungicide, for moniliosis);

• Trichodermin (fungicide);

• Pentaphage (fungicide, from scab and powdery mildew);
• Mikosan (fungicide, against powdery mildew, scab);
• Bactophyte (fungicide, powdery mildew and scab).

Biologicals insecticidal action (against pests):

• Fitoverm (Aversectin C, enteric insectoacaricide from moths, scoops, leafworms, moths, ticks);

Aktofit, Kleschevit and Fitoverm are complete analogs (the active ingredient is Aversectin C).

• Bitoxibacillin (Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis, intestinal insectoacaricide from moth, leafworm, moth, moth, ticks);

• Lepidocide (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, intestinal insecticide from moth, leafworm, moth, moth);

• Gaupsin (complex action insectofungicide, from moniliosis, scab, powdery mildew, apple moth, aphids, leafworms and other pests).

Note! Yes, biologics have their advantages (they are environmentally friendly), but we have to admit that they are not as effective as chemical ones.

Tank mixtures (fungicides + insecticides)

Note! Not all drugs can be mixed.For example, practically nothing can be mixed with Bordeaux liquid (it has an alkaline reaction).

The instructions should say which drugs they can be combined with.

For spring spraying of an apple tree (except for the first one, when the buds are still sleeping), you can prepare the following tank mixtures (fungicide + insecticide):

Chemical:

• Horus (fungicide) + Decis Profi (insecticide);

At higher temperatures (+10 .. + 15 degrees)Chorus is better to replace with Speed (fungicide) + Decis Profi.

• Bayleton (fungicide) + Karate (insecticide).
• Tilt 250 (fungicide) + Caesar (insecticide).

Biological:

• Gaupsin (insectofungicide of complex action) + Lepidocide (insecticide) + Bitoxibacillin (insecticide);
• Aktofit (insecticide) + Gaupsin (insectofungicide) + Trichophyte or Trichodermin (fungicide).

And let your garden be like this!

Thus, as soon as the time comes for the trees to awaken from hibernation, you should immediately begin to treat apple trees from diseases and pests in order to provide them with maximum protection and care. In other words, successful pest and disease control is the key to the health of the tree, which means that you will get a rich harvest.

Video: how to spray the garden in spring - processing apple trees and other fruit trees from diseases and pests