Processing apple trees in the fall: what and how to spray fruit trees for the winter

It is difficult to ignore the losses caused by diseases and pests of the apple tree, because not only the quality of the fruits and the quantity of the crop deteriorates, but the likelihood of its complete destruction also increases, and often even the next year's harvest. That is why it is so important in the fall for one eradication spraying, using one of the drug options (only one, you do not need to spray everything at once!), To process apple trees and other fruit trees.

We will tell you in our article about when it is optimal to carry out the treatment in the autumn, what means can be used, in what combinations and doses it is necessary to spray.

When to process apple trees in autumn

Autumn eradicating treatment of apple trees from diseases and pests, as a rule, is carried out after the leaf fall, when the tree has completely passed into a state of dormancy, its buds "closed" and became inaccessible to the ingress of powerful and strong solutions (they will not burn out), with which we will spray the tree ...

Interesting! However, it is believed that it will be even more effective to process trees before leaf fall (2-3 weeks before), i.e. even on the leaves, but always after fruiting and harvesting. In this case, the leaves will turn black quickly enough and, as it were, "burn", you do not need to be afraid, this is how it should be. This procedure can speed up and improve the preparation of the plant for winter.

In this case, it is important to have time before the onset of frost, that is, the temperature should be above 0 degrees (including at night).

Thus, the approximate timing of spraying apple trees in the fall in the Central lane (Moscow region) is the end of September - the second half of October.

Note! Autumn spraying of fruit trees is most often carried out at a temperature of +5 degrees, therefore, when choosing agents for processing, you should pay attention to their operating temperature, since very often many agents work in conditions above +10 degrees.

Video: autumn eradication spraying of fruit trees (including apple trees)

How to spray an apple tree and other fruit trees in the fall: rules and recommendations

Before starting the autumn garden processing, you should familiarize yourself with the basic rules and recommendations:

By the way! Similarly to the apple tree, you can process other fruit trees, as well as berry bushes. But in this article, only diseases of pome crops (apple, pear, quince) are indicated, with which drugs are fighting. However, the essence of the need for spraying does not change from this.

• Shortly before the procedureremove all plant residues (leaves, twigs) from under the trees. If the tree did not hurt, then they can be thrown onto the compost heap, but if it hurt, then you need to burn it or bury it very deeply.

Don't forget about safety measures. Wear a face mask, goggles and rubber gloves before spraying. Even better if you have a special robe on.

• Processing must be carried out on a fine day (in dry and calm weather), and it is necessary to spray it in the morning so that the bark is already dry by evening. If the rain washes everything quickly, then spraying will be useless. It is very good if the solution stays on the tree for at least 2-3 days.

Advice! If it rains, and after them the temperature is promised to drop to minus values, then you will have to leave the trees without autumn processing until spring. Unless, if suddenly there is a "window" with a plus and without rain.

• For example, copper and inkstone highly do not dissolve well in cold water, so first the vitriol should be diluted in warm water (40 degrees), and then dilute to the desired concentration with cold water.

Important! Dilute or dissolve iron and copper sulfate should only be in glass or plastic containers, but not metal.

• Remember to filter the solution when pouring into the sprayer (especially if the product is difficult to dissolve). As a rule, you should have a special mesh. If there is no such mesh, then you can strain, say, through tights.
• Autumn spraying of fruit trees should be as thorough as possible, and Not only the crown and all branches of the tree are subject to processing (especially for old trees with cracked bark), but also the soil in the near-trunk circle.However, do not process the lawn grass that grows next to the tree (alternatively, you can put a film on the ground under the tree before processing).

Important! This applies to the use of all means for treating apple trees from diseases and pests in the autumn, which will be listed below.

• Ideally, when spraying, you create a whole cloud of solution, like a fog.
• If you have near fruit trees conifers grow, then the processing must be done very carefully, trying not to fall on them, even more so if the garden is sick and you are using a strong solution that can burn evergreens.

Note! If you processed the apple tree in the fall, this does not mean that to spray in early spring not necessary - still as necessary. Autumn eradication spraying is actually similar to early spring gardening (the very first).

How to spray an apple tree and other fruit trees in the fall from diseases and pests

To prevent diseases and insect infestations, in the autumn processing of trees, it is very important for the mind, that is, in the correct combination and dose, as well as depending on the condition of the trees, to use the remedy of your choice for apple trees and other fruit and berry crops.

By the way! All the means that will be presented below are of contact action, which means they are washed off by the rain and do not accumulate, that is, they cannot harm anyone, neither people nor plants, especially in the fall, when the trees are already "dormant".

Urea (Carbamide)

Urea is a very powerful fall treatment for apple and other fruit trees in your garden.

At high concentration, this fertilizer (under these conditions this is not a nitrogen supplement) actually burns out all fungal and viral infections, and effectively fights many pestswho decided to spend the winter in the trees. Thus, urea plays a role at the same time and fungicide, and insecticide. In other words, spraying the apple tree with urea in autumn is an excellent prevention.scab and spotting, powdery mildew and even aphids.

What is the necessary concentration of urea solution for the treatment of apple trees and other fruit trees in the garden?

Dose first of all depends on whether your trees were sick this year and how bad the infection was:

Important! The concentration does not depend on the age of the tree.

• if the trees did not hurt (the garden was "clean") - 200-300 grams per 10 liters of water;
• if the trees were sick - 500-700 grams per 10 liters of water.

Note! Indeed, urea (carbamide) is a nitrogen fertilizer, which in the autumn period can provoke the growth of shoots, but due to the fact that the treatment is carried out shortly before the first frost, urea will not cause any effect other than “eradicating” (fungicidal and insecticidal).

inkstone

Another excellent broad-spectrum preparation for autumn processing of fruit trees. For example, for an apple tree inkstone will greatly help in the prevention and protection against such fungal diseases and infections, as scab, powdery mildew, various rot, including moniliosis (fruit rot), black cancer. Will help get rid of from mosses and lichens (in theory, after processing, they will die and fall off the bark themselves).

Iron vitriol, presumably, also works againstharmful insectsthat hibernate in the bark.

However! Many experienced gardeners believe that it is useless to fight pests in the fall during eradication spraying. they themselves died, and they laid all their eggs long ago, and their larvae pupated and hid.

Naturally, the expense of funds again depends on what condition your trees were in this season - whether they were sick and how strong the infection was. Thus, the dosage is as follows:

• if the trees did not hurt or practically did not hurt - again 200-300 grams per 10 liters of water;
• if the trees were sick - 400-500 grams per 10 liters of water.

Important! You can apply urea and ferrous sulfate at the same time, preparing a kind of tank mix. That is, for example, dissolve 200 grams of urea and 200 grams of ferrous sulfate in 10 liters of water. Urea will surely work against the larvae of harmful insects.

By the way! More about the use of ferrous sulfate in gardening read in this article.

Video: autumn processing of apple and other fruit trees and shrubs

Copper sulfate

Copper sulfate - another excellent and inexpensive prophylactic fungicide for preventing diseases of fruit crops (including apple trees) and berry bushes.

By the way! More about the use of copper sulfate in gardening read in this material.

In general, the spectrum of action (specifically for processing an apple tree) is similar to iron vitriol, except that mosses and lichens you cannot win with such spraying for sure.

By the way! Iron and copper sulfate is often used as a disinfectant (antiseptic) for wounds that remain after autumn pruning apple.

Copper sulphate consumption for preparation of working solution for autumn spraying:

• if the trees did not hurt or practically did not hurt - 100-200 grams per 10 liters of water;
• if the trees are sick - 300 grams per 10 liters of water.

Advice! Do not mix iron and copper sulfate (or Bordeaux mixture).

Better in the fall, treat with iron sulfate (optionally with urea), and in the spring - with copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture).

Bordeaux mix

Let's remember! Bordeaux mix - this copper sulfate + lime.

Thus, spraying the apple tree with Bordeaux liquid (similar to copper sulfate) helps in the prevention and control of scab and other spots, as well as powdery mildew, various rot, including moniliosis.

You can buy ready-made Bordeaux mixture either prepare the solution yourself (then Bordeaux liquid will be called)... For example, for a 3% solution, you need to take 300 grams of copper sulfate and 400-450 grams of lime. Copper sulfate is dissolved in 5 liters of warm water, then lime is dissolved in a separate bucket (5 liters). Further, in a thin stream, constantly stirring, vitriol is poured into the lime solution.

The required concentration of Bordeaux liquid solution when processing an apple tree in autumn:

• if the trees did not hurt - 1% (100 grams of copper sulfate and 100-150 grams of lime per 10 liters);
• there was an infection - 3% (300 grams of copper sulfate and 400-450 grams of lime per 10 liters).

Important! Do not be alarmed if your garden turns blue after being treated with Bordeaux liquid. It's simple: the solution has a bluish color due to the presence of copper, and it adheres to the branches thanks to lime. Sometimes this spraying is called "blue".

By the way! More about the use of Bordeaux liquid in horticulture read here.

Video: spraying fruit trees in autumn - scheme and means

What else can you spray trees in autumn

It is worth understanding! There is no point in treating with drugs that you used in spring and summer, because they are intended for foliage treatment, and autumn eradication spraying is carried out precisely after all the foliage has fallen off.

Some summer residents process their apple trees and other fruit trees in more sophisticated ways, for example, by making a tank mixture based on "Sora" (from diseases) and "Karbofos" (from pests), they are perfectly compatible).

If it seems to you that "Karbofos" is too "powerful" means, then it can be replaced with "Zubr"(from pests), while it is better to carry out 2 separate treatments with each preparation (without mixing into one mixture).

Video: autumn processing of the garden (apple and other fruit trees) from diseases and pests for the winter with the help of "Skor" and "Karbofos" (or "Bison")

What else needs to be done with the apple tree in the fall

Autumn care of an apple tree and its preparation for winter also includes:

• autumn feeding;

Important! In detail about feeding apple trees in autumn written in this material.

• autumn pruning;

Note! About, how to prune an apple tree in autumn, read in this article.

• whitewashing (performed after processing).

Advice! Everything about whitewashing fruit trees (including apple trees) detailed here.

Video: how to care for an apple tree in autumn

Thus, in order to treat apple trees and other fruit trees from diseases and pests in the autumn period correctly and safely for you and your garden, in one eradication spraying,it is necessary to apply one of the effective drugs you have chosen at the optimal time, in the appropriate combination and the correct dose.

Note! In the fall, only one eradication spraying is carried out. There is no need to treat the tree with all the preparations at once and several times. That is, for example, it is enough to process only with urea and iron vitriol or bordeaux liquid (as a rule, experienced gardeners choose one of these). But in subsequent years, try to change the drug.